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Digital Hate monthly report 23 July 2025

Jun 2025 - Digital Hate Monthly Report

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Cover: Jun 2025 - Digital Hate Monthly Report
In this report
  1. Summery
  2. Research Methodology
  3. Key Findings
  4. Case Study: Hate Speech and Misinformation Dissemination by Region and Platform
  5. The figure illustrating types of hate speech
  6. The figure illustrating the number of hate speech targets
  7. Keywords used by hate speech writers
  8. Conclusion

Summery

This report examines the spread of hate speech and misinformation in Myanmar's digital communication sphere during June 2025. It analyzes 97 verified posts from Facebook, Telegram, and TikTok, focusing on incitement of violence targeting ethnic groups, dehumanization of those opposing the junta, and the dissemination of systematically fabricated misinformation. According to the findings, Telegram is the primary platform where hate speech is most prevalent (75%), followed by Facebook (15%) and TikTok (10%). The report studies major impactful events and illustrates how these issues have tangible consequences in reality.

1Research Methodology

Data Collection

  • Monitoring Sources: a total of 97 posts collected from 12 Telegram channels, 8 Facebook pages, and 5 TikTok accounts
  • Time Period: June 1 to June 30, 2025

Categorization Method

CategoryDefinition
Hate SpeechSpeech that harms individuals based on inherent characteristics such as religion, language, gender, sexual orientation, national origin, ethnicity, race, belief, citizenship, skin color, or physical appearance
MisinformationIncorrect information that can pose a threat to public safety
Manipulated MediaAltered photos/videos or presentation of information in a way that does not match the original context

2Key Findings

2.1Volume of Harmful Content Identified on Social Media Platforms

  • Total Harmful Posts: 97
  • Hate Speech: 89 posts (91.8%)
  • Misinformation: 8 posts (8.2%)
Key Findings

Distribution by Platform

  • Telegram: 75 posts
  • Facebook: 15 posts
  • TikTok: 10 posts
Key Findings

2.2Targets of Hate Speech

1Ethnic Armed Organizations (EAOs)

Groups such as the Arakan Army (AA), Kachin Independence Army (KIA), and People's Defense Forces (PDFs) were targeted in 63% of the hate speech posts.

Example: “Those AA dogs... get lost” – @kyawswar49111 (Telegram)

News about the death of AA members in clashes was posted on a military-affiliated Telegram channel called "(Tatepway Tadinzone) Battle News Hub" and later reshared by the "KO That" channel. The reshared post used dehumanizing language toward AA members. The original post received over 400 supporters and reached over 48,200 views. The repost on "KO That" received over 350 supporters and reached more than 2,200 views.

Original Post

(See the translation of the attached link below conclusion – 1)

Key Findings

2Religious/Ethnic Minority Groups

Rohingya Muslims were targeted in 28% of the hate speech posts.

Tactic: The term “non-pork eater” was used three times as a derogatory phrase. Rohingya Muslims were mocked using religious-based slurs that imply impurity, referencing their avoidance of pork — a practice rooted in their faith. One such post, authored by the Facebook account “Zeyo Htote Mu Paing”, used this language to ridicule and insult the group. This post received 123 supporters and was shared 7 times.

Original Post

(See the translation of the attached link below conclusion – 2)

Key Findings

3Women

In 17 posts, there is violence based on gender discrimination.

Pattern: Women who support the PDF have been subjected to sexual threats.

It was spread on Sit Thway Telegram channel that female People's Defense Force (PDF) members, who are undergoing military training in ethnic armed group territories as part of the anti-military dictatorship revolution, are being made to provide sexual entertainment. This includes resharing and distributing a cartoon image that verbally abuses women. The reach of this spread is around 900.

Original Post

(See the translation of the attached link below conclusion – 3)

Key Findings

2.3Types of Fake News and Misinformation

TypeExampleReach
Fabricated ContentKNU leader praised by Donald Trump7.5k shares
Manipulated ImagesFalse images claiming that PDF groups are burning down houses24.1k views
Misleading ConnectionsAA abolishes the one-husband-one-wife law. (In reality, twisting actual policy disputes)30.3k views

3Case Study: Hate Speech and Misinformation Dissemination by Region and Platform

Findings from 3 Incidents

Incident 1: Rohingya Infiltration Incident

Post

A Facebook account named “Dr. Nyein Chan Yay” spread hate speech, claiming that the Rohingya are illegally infiltrating Rakhine State, without any evidence, and that such actions amount to expansionist terrorism.

In this post, the Rohingya are portrayed as criminals demanding human rights, using demeaning language that depicts them as invaders. Original Post

(See the translation of the attached link below conclusion – 4)

Case Study: Hate Speech and Misinformation Dissemination by Region and Platform

Spread

  • The spread reached around 400 people.
  • Related violent comments included phrases like “They must be killed.”

Incident 2: Sexualized Dehumanization of Female Activists

Post

A post was reshared reporting that women officers participated in the successful resistance at the Kandawn Police Station. The reshared content, featured on the “Fact Check” Telegram channel, used hate speech to degrade female revolutionaries, claiming they were engaging in sexual entertainment at night.

The writing portrayed these women as sex workers and expressed the idea that women are only useful in sexual contexts, demonstrating sexually demeaning and dehumanizing language. Original Post

(See the translation of the attached link below conclusion – 5)

Case Study: Hate Speech and Misinformation Dissemination by Region and Platform

Spread

  • Included a cartoon image depicting women in PDF uniforms being sexually assaulted.
  • Spread via 3 Telegram channels, with a total reach of over 28,800.

Incident 3: Misleading Video

Content

A video showing fallen resistance fighters was posted by a TikTok account named A…K…Mg, accompanied by text encouraging the continued search and elimination of the injured—inciting violence through hate speech.

The post had 3,737 supporters and over 63,600 views.

There were 186 comments, the majority expressing support for the cleansing rhetoric.

Original Post

(See the translation of the attached link below conclusion – 6)

Case Study: Hate Speech and Misinformation Dissemination by Region and Platform

Fact Check

The video was originally from Kayah State (Karenni) in 2023 and was repurposed.

4Network Analysis

Main Sources of Dissemination

1) Telegram: kyawswar49111 (195K members)

  • In June alone, posted 22 hate speech items.

2) Facebook: Saw Myo Myo

  • Focused particularly on anti-Karen content, e.g., using derogatory terms like “my Karen slaves”.

3) TikTok: general.min.aung63

  • Spread dehumanizing hate speech using memes that portray “PDFs” as insects, with derogatory comparisons and language.

Cross-Platform Connections

  • After Facebook posts are taken down, they are often reposted on Telegram.
  • TikTok’s algorithm appears to amplify violent and hate-related content, increasing its reach among users.

5The figure illustrating types of hate speech

The figure illustrating types of hate speech

6The figure illustrating the number of hate speech targets

The figure illustrating the number of hate speech targets

7Keywords used by hate speech writers

Keywords used by hate speech writers

8Conclusion

In June 2025, hate speech in Myanmar evolved into a more structured and coordinated system, with Telegram channels emerging as the primary distribution route for violent and hateful content. Newly identified risks include the sexual targeting of women and the reuse of misleading video content, posing significant threats to information integrity. Moreover, TikTok requires continued monitoring, as hate speech has been observed to spread rapidly on the platform.

Hate speech dissemination in Myanmar is deeply rooted in political, ethnic, and religious divides. It remains widespread domestically, especially in content targeting different ethnic groups and cultural differences, which continues to erode social cohesion. Additionally, incitement, blame, and accusations based on religious beliefs have contributed to growing violence against diversity and difference.

Translations of the documented posts

The posts below are hate speech documented by BHRN. They are translated here only as evidence for this report.

See the translation of the attached link below the conclusion.

Translation (1)

Dog AA members are also dead.

Terrorist rebel AA deadbodies are collected along with their weapons.

The hideouts of terrorist AA near Pyaing Se Kay village of Kyaukphyu township on June 22 and 23.

Translation (2)

The ten non-pork eaters in the northern door became pork soup that was made by brother Maung Aye Htun.

Translation (3)

Caption - Those female PDF members who went to the jungle for revolution are not getting a chance to do revolution but they are used for the sexual entertainment of EAO leaders, PDF leaders and PDF male members. They are used every night and they are now pregnant.

Text in cartoon - What do you get from revolution ? (Lady) - I got pregnant.

Translation (4)

Without documents, every country considers it illegal immigrants. Every country accepts when it is documented. Even India is deporting those Bengali who came illegally in their region, Arsam.

Those from Cox’s Boazar are demanding in the name of human rights without having any evidence in Rakhine State. They are saying that they are from Rakhine and they do not speak Rakhine language. That is called invasion to terrorize. If they are well documented, no one will deport them.

Translation (5)

Low standard people who have done sexual harrassment.

They are praising women PDF members to use them in their beds.

(Text in Photo) - Women PDF members also included in taking control of Kan Dauk police station.

Translation (6)

Maw Chee

The deabodies of 7 PDFs uploaded yesterday

At least 40 were hospitalized.

(text in caption) - eliminate the remaining 40. They must be in a near hospital.

About BHRN

Burma Human Rights Network (BHRN) is based in London, operates across Burma/Myanmar and works for human rights, minority rights and religious freedom in Burma. BHRN has played a crucial role in advocating for human rights and religious freedom with politicians and world leaders.

Media enquiries

Kyaw WinExecutive DirectorBurma Human Rights Network (BHRN)This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.+44(0) 740 345 2378
Wai YanResearcherThis email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
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